Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi became president of Egypt on 8 June. El-Sisi is the 20th ruler of Egypt since the establishment of the modern state of Egypt in the early 19th century. El-Sisi represents the military, which has dominated Egyptian politics since 1953. He is the quint essential 'strong man' leader. His accession has been manufactured by the military which is keen to maintain its grip on power through the suppression of Islamists and basic democratic expression.
The Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805)
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (1805 – 1848). The founder of the modern state of Egypt. He was an Albanian Ottoman Empire commander who led a force to Egypt following the French withdrawal in 1801. From 1801 to 1805 he fought the Mamluks for control of Egypt, eventually emerging as the leader of Egypt and Sudan. His rule laid the base of the future, modern Egyptian state, separate from its Ottoman masters. His dynasty would continue into the 20th century. Died 1949 (natural causes).
Muhammad Ali's son, Ibrahim Pasha (1848). Died 1848 (natural causes).
Muhammad Ali's grandson, Abbas I (1848-1854). Died 1854 (Murdered by two of his slaves)
Muhammad Ali's son, Muhammad Sa'id Pasha (1854-1863). Died 1863.
Muhammad Ali's grandson, Isma'il Pasha (1863-1879). Following Urabi Revolt, UK and French pressure on the Ottoman Empire led to his removal. Died 1895.
Isma'il Pasha's son, Muhammed Tewfik Pasha (1879-1892). Died 1892 (Natural causes)
Great-great-grandson of Muhammad Ali and son of Tewfik Pasha, Abbas II Hilmi Bey (1892-1914). The last Khedive. Overthrown by the UK at start of onset of WW1. Died 1944 in Switzerland.
The end of the Ottoman influence (1914)
Great-great-grandson of Muhammad Ali and son of Isma'il Pasha, Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917). Died 1917 (natural causes).
Younger brother of Sultan Hussein Kamel, Fuad I (1922-1936). Died 1936 (natural causes).
Son of Fuad 1, Farouk I of Egypt (1936-1952). The Free Officers, led by Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser, staged a military coup that launched the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Farouk 1 went into exile.
Fuad II – Took the thrown after his father abdicated but was one year old at the time. Royal council ruled in his stead until Egypt was declared a republic in 1953.
The rise of the Egyptian military (1953)
President Muhammad Naguib (1953-1954) – leader of Free Officers (military). Deposed by Gamal Abdel Nasser following disagreement. House arrest for 18 years before release by Sadat.
President Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (1956-1970) – leader of Free Officers (military). The most successful Egyptian president. Regional player – Arab Nationalist leader. Died 1970 (Heart attack).
President Anwar Sadat (1970-1981) – senior officer in the Free Officers (military). Assassinated 1981 by military officer, Khalid Ahmed Showky Al-Islambouli. Hailed by Islamist radicals.
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (1981-2011). Military officer. Overthrown during Arab Spring.
Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (2011-2012). Leader of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. Interim leadership ahead of democratic elections. Stepped down following elections in 2012.
The Islamists (2012)
Mohamed Morsi (2012-2013). First Islamist president. Popularly elected. Overthrown in 2013 by the military. Currently incarcerated.
The return of the military (2014)
Adly Mahmoud Mansour (2013 – 2014). Installed by the military following the mid-2013 coup. Ceded power following elections in May 2014.
Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi (2014 to present). Head of the military until his resignation prior to elections in May 2014. Won a disputed election
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